한글 자음, 모음 창제원리 및 발음, 음절이해 통합(Integration of Hangul consonant and vowel creation principles, pronunciation, and syllable understanding)

 ■ 한글창제의 원리_자음 창제의 원리
     (Principles of Hangul Creation_Principles of Consonant Creation)

The Korean alphabet, Hangul, was developed with a unique principle that relates the shapes of its consonants to the parts of the mouth used to pronounce them.
Here's a detailed explanation in English to help foreigners learn and appreciate the ingenious design behind Hangul:
The consonants in Hangul were initially created to mimic the shape of the mouth and tongue when making their sounds. This makes Hangul highly phonetic and easy to learn.
For instance:
'ㄱ'
is shaped like the tongue blocking the throat, where the sound originates – this sound is known as "Guttural".
'ㄴ'
resembles the tongue touching the roof of the mouth, thus called a "Lingual" sound.
'ㅁ'
takes the shape of the lips and is called a "Labial" sound.
'ㅅ'
looks like the teeth and produces a sound known as "Dental".
'ㅇ'
represents the shape of the throat and is known as the "Nasal" sound.
These are considered the primary characters (기본자) of Hangul from which other letters are derived.
These are considered the primary characters (기본자) of Hangul from which other letters are derived.
Additional strokes, called "가획" (Gahyeop), are added to these primary characters to form other related consonants.
For example:
Adding an extra stroke to 'ㄱ' creates 'ㅋ', which has a more robust, aspirated sound.
One more stroke to 'ㄷ' turns it into 'ㅌ', which has a more robust, aspirated sound.
One more stroke to 'ㅂ' turns it into 'ㅍ', which has a more robust, aspirated sound.
One more stroke to 'ㅈ' turns it into 'ㅊ', which has a more robust, aspirated sound.
Tense consonants, like 'ㄲ', 'ㄸ', 'ㅃ', 'ㅆ', and 'ㅉ', are formed by writing the basic consonants, such as 'ㄱ', 'ㄷ', 'ㅂ', 'ㅅ', and 'ㅈ', twice side by side.
Tense consonants, like 'ㄲ', 'ㄸ', 'ㅃ', 'ㅆ', and 'ㅉ', are formed by writing the basic consonants, such as 'ㄱ', 'ㄷ', 'ㅂ', 'ㅅ', and 'ㅈ', twice side by side.
ㄱ → ㄲ
ㄷ → ㄸ
ㅂ → ㅃ
ㅅ → ㅆ
ㅈ → ㅉ

'ㄱ' (g/k sound):
It’s shaped after the position of the tongue blocking the throat, producing a sound from deep in the throat—called a "Guttural" sound.
'ㄴ' (n sound):
This character mimics the tongue touching the roof of the mouth, making a "Lingual" sound.
'ㅁ' (m sound):
This block resembles the closed lips, making a "Labial" sound.
'ㅅ' (s sound):
It’s shaped after the teeth and makes a "Dental" sound.
'ㅇ' (ng sound):
It symbolizes the throat, producing a "Nasal" sound.
These shapes are the foundation of Hangul consonants. To create more sounds, extra strokes—called 가획 (Gahyeop)—are added:
These shapes are the foundation of Hangul consonants. To create more sounds, extra strokes—called 가획 (Gahyeop)—are added:
'ㄱ' with an extra stroke becomes 'ㅋ' (k' sound), a more robust, breathy version of 'ㄱ'.
Add a stroke to 'ㄷ' (d/t sound), and you get 'ㅌ' (t' sound), a more forceful version of 'ㄷ'.
'ㅂ' (b/p sound) with an additional stroke turns into 'ㅍ' (p' sound), an aspirated version of 'ㅂ'.
'ㅈ' (j sound) gains a stroke to become 'ㅊ' (ch sound), a sharper, more pronounced version of 'ㅈ'.

'ㄱ' becomes 'ㄲ' for a tenser 'g/k' sound.
'ㄷ' becomes 'ㄸ' for a tenser 'd/t' sound.
'ㅂ' becomes 'ㅃ' for a tenser 'b/p' sound.
'ㅅ' becomes 'ㅆ' for a tenser 's' sound.
'ㅈ' becomes 'ㅉ' for a tenser 'j' sound.
These principles show how Hangul closely ties the shape of the letters to the physical act of speaking, making it a logical and intuitive system for beginners.
These principles show how Hangul closely ties the shape of the letters to the physical act of speaking, making it a logical and intuitive system for beginners.

Here’s a simplified breakdown:

For sounds that are tenser and stronger, like when you say something emphatically, the consonants are doubled:

For sounds that are tenser and stronger, like when you say something emphatically, the consonants are doubled:

This connection between visual shape and spoken sound is part of what makes learning Hangul an engaging experience.

■ 한글창제의 원리_모음 창제의 원리
    (Principles of Hangul Creation_Principles of Vowel Creation)

The Korean alphabet, Hangul, was ingeniously designed by King Sejong to be simple and logical, making it easier for everyone to learn. Let's look at how it works using simple English and more examples.

Think of Hangul vowels as a combination of elements from nature and human figures.

In the past, people thought the sky was round, so they used a dot '•' to represent the round sky in their writing.  

They also thought the earth was flat, so they used a flat line 'ㅡ' to symbolize the earth.

And for a person standing, they made a vertical line '|'.

These symbols were used to create the Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, making it a unique and logical system that relates to the natural world and human life.

In Summary, There are three main parts:

1. A dot (•) symbolizes the round sky above us.
2. A horizontal line (ㅡ) represents the flat earth beneath our feet.
3. A vertical line (|) describes a person standing up.

By combining these elements, we can create different vowel sounds:

The Korean alphabet, Hangul, uses simple shapes inspired by the world around us to form its letters. The basic vowels are created from combinations representing the sky, the earth, and a person.

Here’s how it works:
l + • →ㅏ
A vertical line '|' represents a person.
When you add a dot '•', which means the sky, next to it, you get the vowel 'ㅏ' (pronounced 'ah').

ㅏ + • →ㅑ

If you add another dot to 'ㅏ', it becomes 'ㅑ' (pronounced 'yah'), the same 'ah' sound with a 'y' in front.

• + l →ㅓ

A dot '•' on its own stands for the sky.
When you add it to the vertical line '|', it becomes 'ㅓ' (pronounced 'uh').

• +ㅓ→ㅕ
Add another dot to 'ㅓ', and you get 'ㅕ' (pronounced 'yuh'), which is the 'uh' sound with a 'y' in front.

• + ㅡ → ㅗ
A dot '•' plus a flat line 'ㅡ' (representing the earth) creates 'ㅗ' (pronounced 'oh').

• + ㅗ → ㅛ
Adding another dot to 'ㅗ' gives you 'ㅛ' (pronounced 'yoh'), the 'oh' sound with a 'y' in front.

ㅡ + • → ㅜ
A flat line 'ㅡ' with a dot '•' on top makes the vowel 'ㅜ' (pronounced 'oo' as in 'food').

ㅜ + • → ㅠ
When you add a dot to 'ㅜ', it becomes 'ㅠ' (pronounced 'yoo'), adding a 'y' sound to the 'oo'.

So, by combining these simple symbols for the sky, earth, and people, different vowel sounds are created in Hangul.

It's a logical and elegant system that makes learning Korean vowels straightforward and intuitive.

These building blocks are then combined with consonants to form syllables and words. This innovative design by King Sejong made reading and writing accessible to more people in Korea.

■ 한글 자음(Korean Consonants)

1. ㄱ (giyeok):
   Pronounced as [k] or [g], similar to the sound in "gate" or "gift." The sound is produced with a slight contact of the back of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth.
2. ㄴ (nieun):
   Pronounced as [n], like the 'n' in "nose" or "name."
   It's an alveolar nasal where the tongue touches the roof of the mouth to produce the sound.
3. ㄷ (digeut):
   Pronounced as [t] or [d], akin to the sound of "door" or "dance." It's an alveolar plosive made by placing the tongue against the ridge behind the upper teeth and releasing it.
4. ㄹ (rieul):
   Pronounced as [r] or [l], depending on its position in the word. It is similar to "lake" or "rice" sounds. This is a liquid sound where the tongue taps the alveolar ridge briefly or can be held against it for a lateral release.
5. ㅁ (mieum):
   Pronounced as [m], like in "milk" or "moon."
   It's a bilabial nasal sound produced by closing the lips and allowing the air to pass through the nose.
6. ㅂ (bieup):
   Pronounced as [p] or [b], it can be heard in words like "bus" or "boy." This is a bilabial plosive where the lips come together and then release the air for the sound.
7. ㅅ (siot):
   Pronounced as [s] or [ʃ], similar to the 's' in "slide" or "sky" and the 'sh' in "shoes" or "shut." It's a sibilant sound produced by directing air toward the teeth.
8. ㅇ (ieung):
   Has no sound when it starts a syllable but is pronounced as [ŋ] when it ends a syllable, similar to the 'ng' in "king" or "song." It's a velar nasal sound that resonates in the nasal cavity.
9. ㅈ (jieut):
   Pronounced as [tɕ] or [dʑ], it sounds like a combination of 't' and 'sh' in English, as in "juice" or "jam." It's an alveolo-palatal affricate produced by a fast tongue touch to the mouth's roof.
10. ㅊ (chieut):
    Pronounced as [tʃ] or [dʒ], it's similar to the 'ch' in "church" or 'j' in "jam." It's a postalveolar affricate made by a fast tongue touch to the roof of the mouth, followed by a fricative release.
11. ㅋ (kieuk):
    Pronounced as a more robust [k], it's an aspirated sound similar to the 'k' in "kit" but with a puff of air.
12. ㅌ (tieut):
    Pronounced as a more robust [t], like the 't' in "top," but aspirated with a puff of air.
13. ㅍ (pieup):
    Pronounced as a more robust [p], similar to the 'p' in "pop," but with an aspirated release.
14. ㅎ (hieut):
    Pronounced as [h], like the 'h' in "hat" or "hair."
    It's a glottal fricative produced in the throat.

Each sound may change slightly depending on its position in a syllable and the vowels accompanying it.

※ The pronunciation will be uploaded in a separate video.

■ 한국어 모음 1. 발음 및 쓰기법 (How to Pronounce and Write Korean Vowels)

1. ■ 한국어 모음 2. 발음 및 쓰기법 (How to Pronounce and Write Korean Vowels)
   
   
2. 애 (ae): This sound is like the 'a' in "cat" or "bat". To pronounce it, open your mouth slightly and place your tongue low.
3. 에 (e): Similar to the 'e' in "bed". The mouth is less open than for '애', and the tongue is a bit higher.
4. 예 (ye): It combines 'e' in "bed" and 'y'. Start with a slight 'y' sound followed by 'e'.
5. 와 (wa): Like 'wa' in "water". Start with a 'w' and transition to 'a'.
6. 워 (wo): It's like saying 'wo' in "word". Start with a 'w' and round your lips as you transition to the 'o'.
7. 위 (wi): This sound combines 'wee' as in "week" with a 'w' at the beginning.
8. 외 (oe): Similar to saying 'weh' but start with a 'w' and tighter lips rounding.
9. 왜 (wae): It starts with a 'w', then combines the 'a' in "cat" with a quick 'e' as in "bed".
10. 웨 (we): This is like 'we' in "wet". It starts with a 'w' and transitions to 'e'.
11. 의 (ui/eu-i): This unique sound can be pronounced as 'ui' as in "we" or 'eu-i'. It starts with a 'w' sound, and the tongue is positioned high towards the mouth's front.

Remember, the nuances of pronunciation can vary, so listening to native speakers and practicing is essential to mastering these sounds.

■ 한국어 음절 이해 (Hangul Syllable Structure)

Hangul syllables, known as '음절' (eumjeol), are written in square-shaped blocks that align vertically and horizontally, creating a uniform and neat appearance in texts.

1. Initial Consonants (초성, Choseong):
   
   These are the first sounds of a syllable and are mandatory in every block, even if the syllable begins with a vowel sound.
   
   If a vowel starts the sound, 'ㅇ' (ieung) is a silent placeholder. This character has no sound when it's at the beginning (초성) of a syllable, but it takes on the 'ng' sound when it's at the end (종성) of a syllable.
   
   For instance, '가' (ga) features 'ㄱ' (giyeok) as the initial consonant, while '아' (a) features 'ㅇ' as a silent placeholder.
   
   
2. Medial Vowels (중성, Jungseong):
   
   Every syllable must contain a vowel, which forms the core sound of the syllable.
   
   These vowels are either vertical, such as 'ㅏ' (a) and 'ㅓ' (eo), or horizontal, like 'ㅗ' (o) and 'ㅜ' (u).
   
   The placement of these vowels within the syllable block depends on their orientation.
   
   Vertical vowels sit to the right of the initial consonant, while horizontal vowels sit beneath it.
   
   For example,
   '노' (no) combines the initial 'ㄴ' (nieun) with the horizontal vowel 'ㅗ'.
   
   
3. Final Consonants (종성, Jongseong):
   
   Not all syllables have final consonants, but when they do, they are placed at the bottom of the block if the vowel is vertical or to the right if the vowel is horizontal.
   
   The final consonants can change the vowel's pronunciation preceding them and carry over to the next syllable in certain phonetic conditions.
   
   A typical example is '닭' (dak), where the final consonant 'ㄺ' (a combined final of 'ㄱ' and 'ㄹ') follows the vowel 'ㅏ'.

Types of Syllable Blocks in Hangul

1. Open Syllables (Consonant + Vowel, CV):
   
   These syllable blocks end with a vowel, giving them an open sound. They are the most basic form and foundation for understanding Hangul pronunciation.
   
   For example,'사(sa) consists of the initial consonant 'ㅅ' (s) and the vowel 'ㅏ' (a). '해' (hae) combines 'ㅎ' (h) with the vowel 'ㅐ' (ae).
   
   
2. Closed Syllables (Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, CVC):
   
   These blocks have a consonant at the end, which closes the sound of the syllable, making it more abrupt.
   
   For example:
   '밤' (bam) has the initial consonant 'ㅂ' (b), the vowel 'ㅏ' (a), and the final consonant 'ㅁ' (m).
   '집' (jip) combines 'ㅈ' (j), 'ㅣ' (i), and 'ㅂ' (b).
   
   
3. Vowel-Initial Syllables (Vowel, V):
   
   These are syllables that start with a vowel sound.
   
   The silent 'ㅇ' is a placeholder for the initial consonant position.
   
   For example:
   '오' (o) starts with a silent 'ㅇ' and is followed by the vowel 'ㅗ'.
   '이' (i) begins with a silent 'ㅇ' followed by the vowel 'ㅣ'.
   
   
4. Vowel-Final Syllables (Vowel + Consonant, VC):
   
   These are less common and are structured similarly to the CVC type but without an audible initial consonant.
   
   An example is '악' (ak), which starts with a silent 'ㅇ', followed by the vowel 'ㅏ', and ends with the consonant 'ㄱ'.

Writing Hangul Syllables

When writing Hangul syllables, the consonants, and vowels are placed within an imaginary square block:

• The initial consonant, if audible, is placed at the top left of the block.
• The medial vowel is then added either to the right of the initial consonant if it is vertical or below it if it is horizontal.
• If there is a final consonant, it is placed at the bottom of the block, completing the syllable.

Practical Examples and Usage

Understanding these components is essential for reading and writing in Hangul.

Practice combining different consonants and vowels to form new syllables and gradually learn to recognize these blocks in the context of words and sentences.

For instance, the word '학교' (hakgyo, meaning 'school') is composed of two-syllable blocks: '학' (hak) and '교' (gyo).

Each block follows the structural rules outlined above.

Through regular practice and exposure, the patterns of Hangul syllable formation will become familiar, allowing learners to read and write in Korean effectively.

To help you learn the different types of Hangul syllables, let's look at five examples for each syllable structure, including the placement of initial consonants (초성), medial vowels (중성), and final consonants (종성) within the syllable blocks.

Open Syllables (CV):

1. '가' (ga): 'ㄱ' (g) + 'ㅏ' (a)
2. '세' (se): 'ㅅ' (s) + 'ㅔ' (e)
3. '나' (na): 'ㄴ' ( n ) + 'ㅏ' (a)
4. '데' (de): 'ㄷ' (d) + 'ㅔ' (e)
5. '라' (ra): 'ㄹ' (r/l) + 'ㅏ' (a)
   

Closed Syllables (CVC):

1. '달' (dal): 'ㄷ' (d) + 'ㅏ' (a) + 'ㄹ' (l)
2. '밥' (bap): 'ㅂ' (b) + 'ㅏ' (a) + 'ㅂ' (p)
3. '집' (jip): 'ㅈ' (j) + 'ㅣ' (i) + 'ㅂ' (p)
4. '날' (nal): 'ㄴ' ( n ) + 'ㅏ' (a) + 'ㄹ' (l)
5. '것' (geot): 'ㄱ' (g) + 'ㅓ' (eo) + 'ㅅ' (t)

Vowel-Initial Syllables (V):

1. '아' (a): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅏ' (a)
2. '오' (o): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅗ' (o)
3. '우' (u): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅜ' (u)
4. '이' (i): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅣ' (i)
5. '애' (ae): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅐ' (ae)

Vowel-Final Syllables (VC):

1. '악' (ak): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅏ' (a) + 'ㄱ' (k)
2. '잉' (ing): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅣ' (i) + 'ㅇ' (ng)
3. '억' (eok): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅓ' (eo) + 'ㄱ' (k)
4. '영' (yeong): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅕ' (yeo) + 'ㅇ' (ng)
5. '욱' (uk): 'ㅇ' (silent) + 'ㅜ' (u) + 'ㄱ' (k)

These examples encompass the basic syllable structures in Hangul.

Practicing these syllables gives you a feel for how Hangul combines sounds into blocks, significantly enhancing your ability to read and write Korean.

Remember, the silent 'ㅇ' is used as a placeholder in the initial position when the syllable starts with a vowel sound, but it becomes a 'ng' sound when used as a final consonant.